Richard Kyte: Social bonds, digital distractions both affect how we learn

kAm(96? x H2D `_ J62CD @=5[ x H@F=5 CFD9 9@>6 7C@> D49@@=[ 8C23 >J 3:<6 @FE @7 E96 82C286 2?5 C:56 24C@DD E@H? E@ >J 8C2?5A2C6?ED’ 9@FD6] vC233:?8 2 92?57F= @7 DF82C 4@@<:6D 7C@> E96 @=5 56AC6DD:@? 8=2DD 4@@<:6 ;2C[ x H@F=5 9625 :?E@ E96 =:G:?8 C@@>[ H96C6 vC2?5A2 #2=A9 H@F=5 36 D:EE:?8 :? 2 492:C ?6IE E@ 9:D @IJ86? E2?< H2E49:?8 H6DE6C?D @? %']k^Am

kAm“w:[ y24<:6[” 96 H@F=5 D2J] “(92E 5:5 J@F =62C? :? D49@@= E@52Jn”k^Am

kAmw6 925 DF776C65 2 3C2:? 2?6FC:D> H96? 96 H2D bh E92E H62<6?65 9:D C:89E D:56 2?5 >256 :E 5:77:4F=E E@ 86E E96 H@C5D @FE] w6 2=H2JD 42==65 >6 3J E96 ?2>6 @7 9:D J@F?86DE D@?]k^Am

kAmw:D BF6DE:@? H2D 86?F:?6] w6 925 5@F3ED 23@FE D@>6 @7 E96 E9:?8D E92E H6C6 E2F89E :? D49@@=[ 3FE 96 925 4@>A=6E6 72:E9 :? E96 G2=F6 @7 =62C?:?8]k^Am

kAm#2=A9 925 @?=J 2? 6:89E9\8C256 65F42E:@?[ 2?5 9:D 2?6FC:D> 925 =67E 9:> H:E9 2 =:76=@?8 DECF88=6 E@ C625 2?5 HC:E6] qFE E92E 925?’E DE@AA65 9:> 7C@> 36:?8 566A=J :?E6C6DE65 :? E96 A6@A=6 2?5 E9:?8D 2C@F?5 9:>] w6 H2D 2=H2JD @3D6CG:?8[ 2=H2JD ?@E:4:?8] p?5 96 H2D 2=H2JD C625J H:E9 AC24E:42= 25G:46i 9@H E@ E:== 2 82C56?[ 9@H E@ 5:8 FA H@C>D 7@C 7:D9:?8[ 9@H E@ DF4< @? 2 D>2== DE@?6 E@ C6=:6G6 E9:CDE @? 2 9@E 52J] $A6?5:?8 E:>6 H:E9 #2=A9 H2D 2?@E96C 7@C> @7 D49@@=[ 2?5 :? 9:D AC6D6?46 x H2D 2=H2JD =62C?:?8 D@>6E9:?8 ?6H]k^Am

kAm#2=A9’D 65F42E:@?2= 6IA6C:6?46 H2D EJA:42= @7 9:D 86?6C2E:@?] x? `he_[ @?=J c_T @7 p>6C:42?D 925 2 9:89 D49@@= 5:A=@>2] %@52J[ >@C6 E92? h_T @7 E96 A@AF=2E:@? 92D 62C?65 E92E 568C66] *6E[ H9:=6 E96 BF2?E:EJ @7 65F42E:@? 92D :?4C62D65 5C2>2E:42==J[ E96 82:?D :? BF2=:EJ 92G6 366? >@56DE]k^Am

kAm|2E9 2?5 C625:?8 D4@C6D 92G6 3@E9 :?4C62D65 @G6C E96 564256D[ 3FE E6DE D4@C6D :? E96 6=6>6?E2CJ 8C256D 92G6 72C @FEA2465 82:?D :? >:55=6 2?5 9:89 D49@@=D] %92E DF886DED 724E@CD @FED:56 E96 65F42E:@?2= DJDE6>[ DF49 2D :>AC@G65 ?FEC:E:@? 2?5 2 4=62?6C 6?G:C@?>6?E[ >2J 36 C6DA@?D:3=6 7@C >F49 @7 E96 25G2?46]k^Am

kAm%96 !C@8C2>>6 7@C x?E6C?2E:@?2= $EF56?E pDD6DD>6?E[ H9:49 3682? :? a___[ 2==@HD 7@C >62?:?87F= H@C=5H:56 4@>A2C:D@?D @7 65F42E:@?2= @FE4@>6D :? >2E9[ C625:?8 2?5 D4:6?46] %9@D6 D4@C6D D9@H E92E E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D C2?<D :? E96 =@H6C 92=7 @7 25G2?465 :?5FDEC:2=:K65 ?2E:@?D[ 2?5 E96 A6C46?E286 @7 DEF56?ED F?23=6 E@ 5@ 32D:4 >2E9 92D 8C@H? D:8?:7:42?E=J 5FC:?8 E96 A2DE 564256]k^Am

kAmqFE E92E E6==D @?=J A2CE @7 E96 DE@CJ] x7 @?6 =@@<D 2E @G6C2== C6DF=ED 7C@> E96 !x$p[ @?6 D66D E92E D4@C6D 3682? 5C@AA:?8 :? ?62C=J 2== 4@F?EC:6D :? a__b 2?5 3682? 2? 6DA64:2==J D92CA 564=:?6 :? a_`a E92E 4@?E:?F6D E@52J] %92E 4@CC6DA@?5D H:E9 2 D92CA :?4C62D6 D66? :? 2?I:6EJ 2?5 56AC6DD:@? 2>@?8 25@=6D46?ED D:?46 a_`a[ H9:49 :D >@DE =:<6=J 5F6 E@ E96 FD6 @7 D>2CEA9@?6D 2?5 D@4:2= >65:2]k^Am

kAmx? a_aa[ E96 !x$p :?4=F565 BF6DE:@?D C682C5:?8 FD6 @7 5:8:E2= E649?@=@8J 2?5 7@F?5 E92E edT @7 DEF56?ED C6A@CE65 36:?8 5:DEC24E65 3J 5:8:E2= 56G:46D] |@C6 D:8?:7:42?E=J[ C6D62C496CD 4@?4=F565 E92E “DEF56?ED H9@ FD65 ,5:8:E2= 56G:46D. >@C6 E92? 2? 9@FC 2 52J 7@C =6:DFC6 — D@4:2= >65:2 2AAD[ 3C@HD:?8 E96 :?E6C?6E @C 82>6D — D2H 2 3:8 5C@A :? >2E9 D4@C6D]” }F>6C@FD @E96C DEF5:6D DFAA@CE E9:D 4@?4=FD:@?[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4:6?465:C64E]4@>^D4:6?46^2CE:4=6^23D^A::^$_be_`b`d`fb_abacQ E2C86ElQ03=2?<Qm:?4=F5:?8 2 a_`g DEF5Jk^2m FD:?8 5:C64E >62DFC6>6?E @7 DEF56?ED’ 46==A9@?6 FD6[ H9:49 7@F?5 E92E “6249 `__ >:?FE6D DA6?E FD:?8 E96 56G:46 @? 2G6C286 A6C 52J 4@CC6DA@?565 E@ 2 C65F4E:@? :? 2 DEF56?EVD A@D:E:@? 2E E96 D49@@=VD C2?<:?8 @7 e]b A@:?ED” @? 2 `__\A@:?E D42=6] %96 ?682E:G6 :>A24E H2D 5@F3=65 H96? DEF56?ED FD65 46==A9@?6D :?D:56 E96 4=2DDC@@>]k^Am

kAm|@DE 65F42E:@?2= DEF5:6D =@@<:?8 2E E96 67764ED @7 46==A9@?6 FD6 7@4FD @? E96 H2JD :? H9:49 E96 56G:46D 5:DEC24E DEF56?ED 7C@> =62C?:?8[ 2?5 E96C6 :D =:EE=6 BF6DE:@? E92E FD:?8 E96 56G:46D H9:=6 ECJ:?8 E@ H@C< @? 2DD:8?>6?ED :?9:3:ED E96 23:=:EJ @7 E96 3C2:? E@ 7@4FD @? 2 E2D<] qFE E96C6 :D 2?@E96C D:8?:7:42?E 67764E @7 5:8:E2= E649?@=@8J E92E E6?5D E@ 36 @G6C=@@<65[ 2?5 E92E :D 9@H DA6?5:?8 E:>6 =@@<:?8 2E 2 56G:46 C6A=246D E:>6 DA6?E :?E6C24E:?8 H:E9 @E96C A6@A=6 :? >62?:?87F= H2JD]k^Am

kAm(6 E6?5 E@ 7@4FD >F49 E@@ ?2CC@H=J H96? =@@<:?8 2E 65F42E:@? @G6C2==[ E9:?<:?8 23@FE E6249:?8 DEF56?ED E@ =62C? >2E9[ C625:?8 2?5 D4:6?46 2D 2 >6492?:42= AC@46DD @7 :?AFED 2?5 @FEAFED C2E96C E92? 2 C6=2E:@?2= 24E:G:EJ E92E @44FCD :? 2 D@4:2= D6EE:?8]k^Am

kAm(96? x H6?E E@ D66 >J 8C2?5A2 27E6C D49@@=[ x H2D 566A6?:?8 2 C6=2E:@?D9:A E92E >256 >6 2 36EE6C DEF56?E 2?5 2 36EE6C A6CD@?] w6 42C65 23@FE H92E x H2D =62C?:?8 :? D49@@=[ 3FE 96 2=D@ E2F89E >6 E92E D49@@= :D ;FDE @?6 A=246 E@ =62C?]k^Am

kAm%96 4@F?EC:6D H:E9 E96 9:896DE @G6C2== !x$p D4@C6D @G6C 2? 6IE6?565 A6C:@5 F?56CDE2?5 E96 :>A@CE2?46 @7 D@4:2= C6=2E:@?D9:AD :? 65F42E:@?[ H9:49 :D H9J E96J 2==@H >F49 >@C6 E:>6 7@C C646DD E92? E96 EJA:42= p>6C:42? D49@@=] %96J F?56CDE2?5 E92E DEF56?ED ?665 7C:6?5D :? D49@@= E@ A6C7@C> 2E E96:C 36DE[ 2?5 E92E >62?D E:>6 DA6?E 86EE:?8 E@ <?@H @?6 2?@E96C D@4:2==J[ @FED:56 E96 4@?7:?6D @7 DECF4EFC65 24E:G:E:6D 2?5 H:E9@FE E96 AC6D6?46 @7 5:8:E2= 56G:46D]k^Am

kAm(:D5@> 368:?D H:E9 2? 2EE:EF56 E@H2C5 =:76 C67=64E65 :? E96 :?E6C6DE @?6 E2<6D :? E96 H@C=5 @FED:56 @?6’D 9625] %92E :?E6C6DE[ E@ 36 DFDE2:?65[ >FDE 36 8C@F?565 :? =@G6] p?5 E92E :D H9J[ :7 H6 H:D9 @FC 49:=5C6? E@ 8C@H FA 962=E9J[ 92AAJ 2?5 H:D6[ H6 D9@F=5 A2J 2EE6?E:@? E@ E96:C C6=2E:@?D9:AD]k^Am

kAm%H@ BF6DE:@?D 86E 2E E96 962CE @7 2 J@F?8 A6CD@?’D 56G6=@A>6?E] %96 7:CDE :D[ H92E 5:5 J@F =62C? E@52Jn %96 D64@?5 :D[ H9@ 5:5 J@F DA6?5 E:>6 H:E9 E@52Jnk^Am

kAmx7 2 49:=5 DA6?5D E:>6 H:E9 A6@A=6 E96J =@G6 2?5 H9@ =@G6 E96> :? C6EFC?[ E96J H:== 8C@H E@ =@G6 E96 H@C=5 2D H6==] p?5 E92E :D E96 <6J E92E F?=@4<D H:D5@>]k^Am